由于環(huán)境狀況對柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行的影響很大，所以對環(huán)境要求有一系列的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組所標(biāo)定的功率都是針對某一特定的環(huán)境狀況而言的，環(huán)境狀況是指柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行地點(diǎn)的環(huán)境大氣壓力、溫度和相對濕度，它們對柴油發(fā)電機(jī)的性能和工作效率有很大影響。

　　As environmental conditions have a great impact on the operation of diesel
generators, there are a series of standard regulations for environmental
requirements. The calibrated power of the diesel generator is for a specific
environmental condition. The environmental condition refers to the ambient
atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity at the operating
location of the diesel generator. They have an great impact on the performance
and working efficiency of the diesel generator.

　　1、當(dāng)環(huán)境大氣壓力降低、溫度升高和相對濕度增大時(shí)，吸入柴油機(jī)汽缸內(nèi)的干空氣就會(huì)減少，柴油機(jī)的功率就會(huì)降低。反之，柴油機(jī)的功率會(huì)增加。那么當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度過低對當(dāng)水箱冷卻水溫度過低時(shí)，潤滑油溫度隨之下降，機(jī)油在氣溫較低時(shí)粘度較大，其流動(dòng)性變差，不僅增加柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組的零件磨損，而且由于零件運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力增大，使機(jī)械功率損失增加，柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組的輸出功率就會(huì)降低。

　　When the ambient atmospheric pressure decreases,the temperature increases,
and the relative humidity increases, the dry air sucked into the cylinder of the
diesel engine will decrease, and the power of the diesel engine will decrease.
Conversely, the engine power will increase. Then when the ambient temperature is
too low, when the temperature of the cooling water in the radiator is too low,
the temperature of the lubricating oil will decrease accordingly. When the
temperature is low, the viscosity of the oil will be higher and its fluidity
will become worse. This will not only increase the wear of the parts of the
generator, but also mechanical power loss because of the part movement
resistance increased, and the output power of the generator will decrease.

　　2.環(huán)境溫度過低，氣缸溫度就會(huì)很低，氣缸內(nèi)的水蒸氣就容易凝結(jié)在缸壁上，而柴油發(fā)電機(jī)燃燒時(shí)生成的二氧化硫遇到冷凝在缸壁上的水，就會(huì)變成強(qiáng)烈的腐蝕劑粘附在缸壁上，因此缸壁表面就會(huì)受到強(qiáng)烈的腐蝕，導(dǎo)致其表面金屬組織疏松;當(dāng)氣缸套與活塞環(huán)之間相互摩擦刮削時(shí)，會(huì)使腐蝕層表面疏松的金屬很快磨損脫落，或在缸套工作表面出現(xiàn)蝕點(diǎn)、凹坑。

　　If the ambient temperature is too low, the cylinder temperature will be
very low, and the water vapor in the cylinder will easily condense on the
cylinder wall, and the sulfur dioxide generated during the combustion of the
diesel generator will become strong when it encounters the water condensed on
the cylinder wall. The corrosive agent adheres to the cylinder wall, so the
surface of the cylinder wall will be strongly corroded, causing the surface
metal structure to be loose.when the cylinder liner and the piston ring are
rubbed against each other, the loose metal on the surface of the corroded layer
will fall off quickly, or corroded spots or pits appear on the working surface
of the cylinder liner.

　　3.熱損失增加，燃料消耗量增大

　　Increased heat loss and fuel consumption

　　柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組在低溫下工作時(shí)，冷卻水帶走氣缸內(nèi)大量熱能，使其熱損失增多;混合氣不能很好地形成和燃燒，燃油消耗量會(huì)增加8%~10%;成液滴狀的燃油進(jìn)入氣缸后會(huì)沖洗氣缸壁上的潤滑油膜，并滲入到曲軸箱內(nèi)，使零件的磨損量增加、沖淡油底殼內(nèi)的潤滑油、增加燃油消耗量和減少功率輸出。

　　When the generator works at low temperature, the cooling water takes away a
large amount of heat energy in the cylinder, which increases the heat loss.the
mixed gas cannot be formed and burned well, and the fuel consumption will
increase by 8%~10%.The droplet-shaped fuel will flush the lubricating oil film
on the cylinder wall after entering the cylinder,and penetrate into the
crankcase, increasing the wear of parts, diluting the lubricating oil in the oil
pan, increasing fuel consumption and reducing power output.

　　4.燃燒惡化，整機(jī)性能變壞

　　Combustion deteriorates, the generator performance deteriorate

　　一些受熱膨脹的零件因溫度太低而未膨脹到應(yīng)有的尺寸，從而影響到全機(jī)工作性能，例如活塞與氣缸間隙太大，密封不好;氣門間隙太大而受搖臂沖擊等，并使柴油發(fā)電機(jī)不易啟動(dòng)。在柴油機(jī)工作時(shí)，壓縮后氣體的高溫是保證燃料著火的必要條件，當(dāng)氣缸、活塞等零件溫度降低時(shí)，將造成壓縮終了溫度下降、著火延遲和燃燒條件惡化，導(dǎo)致燃料燃燒不完全、柴油發(fā)電機(jī)工作粗暴和排氣冒煙。

　　Some thermally expanded parts have not expanded to the proper size due to
the low temperature, which affects the working performance of the whole
generator. For example, the gap between the piston and the cylinder is too
large, and the seal is not good,the valve gap is too large and is impacted by
the rocker arm, etc. Make the generator difficult to start. When the diesel
engine is working, the high temperature of the compressed gas is a necessary
condition to ensure that the fuel ignites. When the temperature of the cylinder,
piston and other parts decreases, it will cause the omcompression ends and the
temperature drop, the ignition delay and the deterioration of the combustion
conditions,incomplete fuel combustion, rough working of diesel generators and
smoke from exhaust gas.